Holistic facial composite systems: are they compatible with witness recall?

Facial composite systems offer a particular challenge to human-computer interaction as they must facilitate several cognitively complex tasks and also aid communication between the operator and the witness. This paper presents the findings from a survey conducted with UK police composite operators that explored some of the issues involved in composite construction. A particular emphasis was placed on the information that witnesses report and its compatibility with both the composite system interface and the underlying construction method used by the system

Application of two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence to validate actinometry measurements of absolute atomic oxygen number density based on improved EEDFs obtained from PIC simulations.

Actinometry is a non-invasive optical technique that allows absolute atomic oxygen density determination within a plasma provided certain conditions are met. However, the technique is sensitive to to the accuracy of the Electron Energy Distribution Function (EEDF). A Maxwellian distribution is often used for actinometry calculations, but this is typically just an approximation. A Particle in Cell (PIC) code is used to try and generate a more accurate EEDF to improve the actinometry results. To do this the electron density in the plasma is measured using a hairpin probe and compared to the electron density predicted by the PIC code. The code is adjusted to get a reasonable agreement with the hairpin probe electron densities. The corresponding EEDF from the PIC code is then used in the actinoometry model to calculate the atomic oxygen density in the plasma. The actinometry results are compared to oxygen density measurements made using Two-photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence to validate the actinometry results

The Lantern Vol. 16, No. 1, Fall 1947

• A Little Light • Social Solidarity • The Struggle • 1949 Report • Blues • Angel\u27s Wings • Street Death • The Giant • Not Alone • B or Something • After Argument • Friendship • Built That Way • The Passing • Freshman • Asleep • John J. Heilemannhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1043/thumbnail.jp

Proven and not proven: A potential alternative to the current Scottish verdict system

The current Scottish verdict system includes three verdicts: ‘guilty’, ‘not guilty’ and ‘not proven’. The Scottish Government are currently reviewing the utility of the not proven verdict. Proponents of the not proven verdict suggest that it directs jurors to their true role of determining whether the prosecution's case has, or has not, been ‘proven’. Reformists suggest a move to a system similar to England and Wales, with only guilty and not guilty verdicts. However, legal professionals have indicated a preference for an alternative system of proven and not proven. The aim of the current study was to test the effects of a proven and not proven system on verdicts given, when compared to alternative verdict systems (specifically, the current Scottish and Anglo‐American verdict systems). 227 mock jurors watched a staged murder trial, filmed in a real‐life courtroom, with legal professionals questioning witnesses and a judge giving legal direction. Jurors were significantly more likely to convict in a guilty and not guilty verdict system than either a proven and not proven or a guilty, not guilty and not proven verdict system. Future research should replicate this study with a focus on the impact of the not proven verdict in sexual offences

Direct analysis of volatile organic compounds in foods by headspace extraction atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry

Rationale The rapid screening of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by direct analysis has potential applications in the areas of food and flavour science. Currently the technique of choice for VOC analysis is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). However, the long chromatographic run times and elaborate sample preparation associated with this technique has led a movement towards direct analysis techniques, such as selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and electronic noses. The work presented here describes the design and construction of a Venturi jet-pump based modification for a compact mass spectrometer which enables the direct introduction of volatiles for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Methods Volatile organic compounds were extracted from the headspace of heated vials into the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source of a quadrupole mass spectrometer using a Venturi pump. Samples were analysed directly with no prior sample preparation. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate between different classes of samples. Results The interface is shown to able to routinely detect problem analytes such as fatty acids and biogenic amines without the requirement of a derivatisation step, and is shown to be able to discriminate between four different varieties of cheese with good intra and inter-day reproducibility using an unsupervised principal component analysis model. Quantitative analysis is demonstrated using indole standards with limits of detection and quantification of 0.395 µg/ml and 1.316 µg/ml respectively, and then applied to measure indole in aged pork samples. Conclusions The methodology described has shown to be able to routinely detect highly reactive analytes such as volatile fatty acids and diamines without the need for a derivatisation step or lengthy chromatographic separations. The capability of the system is demonstrated by discriminating between different varieties of cheese and monitoring the spoilage of meats

Protocol for the Foot in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis trial (FiJIA): a randomised controlled trial of an integrated foot care programme for foot problems in JIA

<b>Background</b>: Foot and ankle problems are a common but relatively neglected manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Studies of medical and non-medical interventions have shown that clinical outcome measures can be improved. However existing data has been drawn from small non-randomised clinical studies of single interventions that appear to under-represent the adult population suffering from juvenile idiopathic arthritis. To date, no evidence of combined therapies or integrated care for juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with foot and ankle problems exists. <b>Methods/design</b>: An exploratory phase II non-pharmacological randomised controlled trial where patients including young children, adolescents and adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and associated foot/ankle problems will be randomised to receive integrated podiatric care via a new foot care programme, or to receive standard podiatry care. Sixty patients (30 in each arm) including children, adolescents and adults diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be recruited from 2 outpatient centres of paediatric and adult rheumatology respectively. Participants will be randomised by process of minimisation using the Minim software package. The primary outcome measure is the foot related impairment measured by the Juvenile Arthritis Disability Index questionnaire's impairment domain at 6 and 12 months, with secondary outcomes including disease activity score, foot deformity score, active/limited foot joint counts, spatio-temporal and plantar-pressure gait parameters, health related quality of life and semi-quantitative ultrasonography score for inflammatory foot lesions. The new foot care programme will comprise rapid assessment and investigation, targeted treatment, with detailed outcome assessment and follow-up at minimum intervals of 3 months. Data will be collected at baseline, 6 months and 12 months from baseline. Intention to treat data analysis will be conducted. A full health economic evaluation will be conducted alongside the trial and will evaluate the cost effectiveness of the intervention. This will consider the cost per improvement in Juvenile Arthritis Disability Index, and cost per quality adjusted life year gained. In addition, a discrete choice experiment will elicit willingness to pay values and a cost benefit analysis will also be undertaken

Study protocol: evaluation of a parenting and stress management programme: a randomised controlled trial of Triple P discussion groups and stress control

<br>Background: Children displaying psychosocial problems are at an increased risk of negative developmental outcomes. Parenting practices are closely linked with child development and behaviour, and parenting programmes have been recommended in the treatment of child psychosocial problems. However, parental mental health also needs to be addressed when delivering parenting programmes as it is linked with parenting practices, child outcomes, and treatment outcomes of parenting programmes. This paper describes the protocol of a study examining the effects of a combined intervention of a parenting programme and a cognitive behavioural intervention for mental health problems.</br> <br>Methods: The effects of a combined intervention of Triple P Discussion Groups and Stress Control will be examined using a randomised controlled trial design. Parents with a child aged 3?8?years will be recruited to take part in the study. After obtaining informed consent and pre-intervention measures, participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention or a waitlist condition. The two primary outcomes for this study are change in dysfunctional/ineffective parenting practices and change in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Secondary outcomes are child behaviour problems, parenting experiences, parental self-efficacy, family relationships, and positive parental mental health. Demographic information, participant satisfaction with the intervention, and treatment fidelity data will also be collected. Data will be collected at pre-intervention, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.</br> <br>Discussion: The aim of this paper is to describe the study protocol of a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of a combined intervention of Triple P Discussion Groups and Stress Control in comparison to a waitlist condition. This study is important because it will provide evidence about the effects of this combined intervention for parents with 3?8?year old children. The results of the study could be used to inform policy about parenting support and support for parents with mental health problems. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT01777724, UTN: U1111-1137-1053.</br&gt

Metabolic profiling of human saliva before and after induced physiological stress by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry

A method has been developed for metabolite profiling of the salivary metabolome based on protein precipitation and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility-mass spectrometry (UHPLC–IM–MS). The developed method requires 0.5 mL of human saliva, which is easily obtainable by passive drool. Standard protocols have been established for the collection, storage and pre-treatment of saliva. The use of UHPLC allows rapid global metabolic profiling for biomarker discovery with a cycle time of 15 min. Mass spectrometry imparts the ability to analyse a diverse number of species reproducibly over a wide dynamic range, which is essential for profiling of biofluids. The combination of UHPLC with IM–MS provides an added dimension enabling complex metabolic samples to be separated on the basis of retention time, ion mobility and mass-to-charge ratio in a single chromatographic run. The developed method has been applied to targeted metabolite identification and untargeted metabolite profiling of saliva samples collected before and after exercise-induced physiological stress. δ-Valerolactam has been identified as a potential biomarker on the basis of retention time, MS/MS spectrum and ion mobility drift time